What could happen if an aircraft lands above its Maximum Landing Weight (MLW)?

When an aircraft lands above its Maximum Landing Weight (MLW), it can lead to structural damage. The MLW is determined by the aircraft manufacturer based on factors such as the design limits of the airframe and the landing gear. Landing above this weight means that the aircraft will experience greater forces upon touchdown, which can exceed the structural tolerances of various components, potentially resulting in issues like bending or failure of the landing gear, excessive fatigue on the airframe, or even catastrophic structural damage.

The design of the aircraft's landing gear and structure accounts for specific weight limits to ensure a safe and controlled landing. When those limits are exceeded, especially in high-stress areas, the likelihood of damage increases significantly, which could compromise the safety of the aircraft and its occupants. Understanding and adhering to these weight limits is crucial for the safe operation of any aircraft.