What can occur if an aircraft takes off above its Maximum Take Off Weight (MTOW)?

Taking off above the Maximum Take Off Weight (MTOW) can significantly compromise the performance and safety of an aircraft. The MTOW is a critical parameter defined for each aircraft that indicates the maximum weight at which the aircraft is certified to be safely flown. If the aircraft exceeds this weight during takeoff, it may not achieve the necessary lift required for a successful departure. This can lead to an extended takeoff run, insufficient climb capability, or, in severe cases, a failure to become airborne altogether.

Beyond immediate takeoff concerns, exceeding MTOW can also lead to higher stall speeds, reduced maneuverability, and potential structural stresses on the aircraft, which may endanger the flight and safety of the crew and passengers. Therefore, it's crucial for pilots to adhere strictly to the MTOW limits to ensure safe flight operations.